Chiropractic & Physiotherapy Clinic in Richmond Hill

As we age, it is no surprise that we lose bone density and the risk for debilitating fractures increases. The good news is that there are several preventative measures to take in order to maintain strong bones and prevent the risk of fractures. The two most important factors for bone health are physical activity and nutrition.

Activity Builds Bone Strength

Bones need vibration to stay healthy. Space exploration has proven that if a healthy and fit adult spends a few months on the space station they risk losing a lifetime of bone density; this is why astronauts must use the mini gym in the space lab.

Bones need physical stress to stay strong and not surprisingly, weight bearing exercises (such as walking) and strength training (weights) are amazing for the bones. Taking only nutrients for bone health is not enough to maintain bone density.

Most people are not getting enough activity according to most experts. Some experts recommend walking 10,000 steps every day and although this may sound like an awful lot, if you purchase a pedometer you'll see it really isn't that bad. This is equivalent to walking about 4 kilometres every day.

Bone Nutrition

Our bones need four primary nutrients in order to stay strong and prevent fractures; they are calcium, magnesium, vitamin D, vitamin K, and an ultra-trace mineral called boron. (Always keep in the back of your mind that exercise and healthy lifestyle choices always are a must as well.)

How much calcium (as well as the other vitamins and minerals) you need depends on lifestyle, gender, age and race. Seeking help from a qualified health professional is the best way to determine just how much of these you require. Many people will say they take supplements based on the RDA (recommended daily allowance). One bit of history to think about is that many years ago when the RDA was established for taking minerals and vitamins it was amounts that were small enough to just keep you from getting ill but not enough to keep you in great health.

Boron

Boron was discovered in 1910 and was considered an essential element for plant life. It wasn't until 1985 that researchers learned that boron is needed for us to enjoy good health. Boron occurs in fruits, vegetables, nuts and cider.

This ultra-trace mineral is required to build and maintain healthy bones and to maintain healthy cell membranes which are critical to life. Although research is ongoing in humans it has been discovered that a deficiency of boron in animals results in stunted growth.

Calcium

Calcium maintains integrity of the skeletal system which houses 99 percent of our body's calcium. The other 1 percent plays a role in the coagulation of the blood, healthy teeth, in the generation and transmission of nerve impulses, in the activation of some enzymes, and the release of certain hormones.

Although dairy is a large source of calcium intake many who choose dairy-free diets find that there is a lot of calcium in leafy green plants, cauliflower, asparagus, broccoli, beans, lentils and nuts.

In order for calcium to work in our body it needs vitamin D, magnesium and boron. For example, vitamin D helps calcium to be adequately absorbed in the intestinal tract. Magnesium is required to help deliver calcium to the bones. For those who have taken calcium supplements without adequate amounts of magnesium and vitamin D they may already have or will suffer with some health ailment. Calcium is not water soluble therefore it calcifies somewhere in the body which ultimately causes havoc (i.e., osteoporosis, kidney stones, hardening of the arteries, etc.).

Even if a person is getting the right quantities of all these nutrients there are factors that will ultimately work at depleting calcium in the body. These include: smoking, stress, antacid drugs, some pharmaceutical drugs, caffeine, and many more factors.

Not only will a deficiency of calcium cause problems, so will taking too much.

Cholecalciferol (Vitamin D)

Vitamin D is technically called cholecalciferol and there has been a lot of research into the importance if this vitamin. There is natural vitamin D (the sun) and this is referred to as D3. A synthetic vitamin D is D2 and this formed by the action of ultraviolet light on certain yeast fungi. This is what is used to fortify foods. There are limited food sources of vitamin D and they include: all edible fungi, cod liver oil, and fatty-fleshed fish.

People living in northern latitudes (Canada) only benefit from getting enough sunlight for the body to produce vitamin D from about late May to late July. This is the time of year many people slather on sunscreen (some which have proven to be toxic*) therefore are blocking what they need.

Many studies have proven that vitamin D is essential for good bone health and for good health throughout the winter months. It helps to keep the immune system strong and without it, many people tend to fall prey to colds in September and throughout the winter months.

A deficiency of this vitamin may result in diarrhea, insomnia, weak bones, nearsightedness, and nervousness. Meanwhile, too much vitamin D can cause weakness, irritability, headache, thirst, and vomiting.

Magnesium

Magnesium functions as a coenzyme in more than 300 enzymatic reactions involved in many metabolic activities. It is also critical in nerve transmissions, developing and maintaining healthy bones, is a structural component in tooth enamel, helping us to adapt to cold, and many other functions.

A high fat diet can reduce magnesium absorption as well as a high fibre diet. If a person has a vitamin E deficiency then this can reduce magnesium levels in the tissues. Alcohol and caffeine increase the loss of magnesium in the body as well as some prescription medications.

Magnesium is found in almost all natural foods (unprocessed). The richest sources are whole seeds, nuts, legumes, and green vegetables.

A deficiency can cause anemia, mental changes that include agitation, anxiety, confusion, depression, hyperactivity, irritability, restlessness and much more. Vertigo, seizures, muscle twitches, and cold hands are also signs of deficiency. Too much magnesium is rare as long as there is good kidney health. Only those with poor kidney health need to worry about getting too much magnesium.

So there is a basic run down on the nutrients we need for good bone health. For far too many years, women in particular were faithfully taking calcium supplements in an effort to avert osteoporosis. What has happened is that far too many of these women are now suffering from this debilitating ailment because they were unaware they needed these other nutrients in order for calcium to work.

Nutrients in our body is like a sports team, most of them all rely on one another to get maximum performance and when one or more are missing, undesirable results are inevitable. Remember, there are many factors that come into play for maintaining good bone health and the professionals at Chiro Med Rehab Centre can help you determine what plan you need to have in place to take care of your body.

Chiro Med Rehab Centre is located at 10144 Yonge Street, just north of Major Mackenzie Drive in Richmond Hill. Visit them online or call 905-918-0419.

* The Environmental Working Group (ewg.org) conducts annual studies on hundreds of sunscreens. One recent study of 500 sunscreens showed that only 50 were safe.

Massage therapy is an ancient art dating back farther than Egyptian times, and even though it is one of the simplest forms of medicine, it is one of the most effective. Massage therapy benefits every part of the body, from the outer layers of the skin to the vital organs deep inside the body. Massage increases blood circulation, which helps bring oxygen to the cells to keep them healthy, neutralize dangerous free radicals and flush toxins from the body.

In today’s fast-paced society, more and more people are suffering from stress caused by heavy workloads and chaotic schedules. Richmond Hill massage therapy will help you relieve stress and find a much-needed escape from the rigorous demands of daily life. One hour of massage can leave you feeling refreshed and energized, ready to face another day. Your tired, tense muscles will thank you and all parts of your body will function a little better afterward.

Massage therapy can be used on every part of the body, and nothing compares to a professional full-body massage. You can also have your massage therapist focus on a specific area of the body. Head, neck and facial massage is effective for the relief of headaches, particularly tension headaches. Hand and foot massage is extremely beneficial, because the extremities contain pressure points that are linked to every part of the body. Deep tissue massage can release years of built-up tension that has accumulated over time, and triggers the release of endorphins that positively affect your moods, leaving you feeling happy and satisfied.

When you visit a Richmond Hill massage therapy clinic you will leave feeling youthful and limber, with a positive outlook on life. Once you have experienced the bliss of professional massage therapy, you will surely return again and again!

If you experience low back pain and struggle to understand why, then this may help shed some light on your situation. Many of us have heard on television commercials about core strength or core training, but what exactly do these terms mean and why is there a push to strengthen our core muscles?
Let’s start off with defining core strength. This is not about getting a six-pack of abs or having a rock hard belly; core strength is about keeping your core muscles in shape as a preventative to injury.

Core muscles are the muscles that form around the trunk of the body. The more common core muscles include:

• Transverse abdominis: This is located under the obliques. It is the deepest of the waist muscles and this helps to keep the spine stable and protected.
• Internal obliques: These are located under the external obliques.
• Pelvic floor muscles: The pelvic floor is a hammock of pelvic floor muscles that connect the pubis bone at the front to the tailbone (coccyx) and sitz bones at the back.
• Multifidis muscles: This area is under the erector spinae (a group of 3 muscles that extend from the lower back to the neck) and runs along the vertebral column. These muscles rotate and extend the spine.

There are other core muscles that include: hip adductors, hip flexors, as well as the gluteus medius, minimus and maximus.

Weak Core Muscles And Reoccurring Back Pain

The abdominals are only a small portion of what makes up the core. Weak or unbalanced core muscles are often linked to severe back pain. Weak core muscles can also result in a loss of good posture and this means eventually there will be pain.

When core muscles are kept toned through core exercises, they stabilize the spine area, as well as the neck and shoulder. All movements originate from the center of the body so keeping these toned is crucial. Before you’re able to do any quick or powerful movement, your spine has to be stable and balanced from the core; if not, and it is weak, and a quick movement occurs, injury can occur. Core exercises develop functional fitness and this is highly beneficial to help with regular activities.

Weak Core Muscles And Back Muscle Spasms

When an individual has a weak core this can lead to the global muscles working harder than they should. Global muscles are large torque-producing muscles that produce a flexing motion. They act on the spine and the trunk without direct attachment. The global muscles are the rectus abdominis and the external oblique. So a weak core exerts pressure on the global muscles which results in regular muscle spasms.

If you have a lack of core development then this means you have a predisposition to injury. When core muscles are weak, putting them to work feels like hard work.  For example, it is easier to slouch than to sit straight – slouching weakens the core muscles. It also creates a shift in the natural alignment of the spine putting continuous pressure on the spinal column and all the core muscles surrounding it.  Before long, muscles become imbalanced (some over stretched and others shortened) and create deviations in the spine that produce chronic back pain

Developed core muscles help you react faster and stronger, and they allow your body distribute stress evenly and absorb shock effectively. In turn, your chances of back pain or injury are greatly minimized.

Developing Core Strength

In order to develop any muscle you have to use it. There are many exercises you can do, the best way to start is through bracing exercises.

Getting that perfect posture is very important. The more centered your spine is in relation to the rest of your body, the more erect you'll sit and stand. Strong lower-back and abdominal muscles help you to even sit at a desk all day. (If you sit several hours at a desk every day, try ditching your chair for a stability ball; sitting on this does wonders for developing and maintaining core strength.)

There is much more you can do to strengthen your core muscles. Chiro-Med Rehab Centre in Richmond Hill has qualified staff to help you regardless of whether you already have a back injury and need treatment or if you need advice on getting your core strength increased.

Chiro-Med Rehab Centre has a walk-in clinic conveniently located at 10144 Yonge Street, just north of Major MacKenzie Drive in the heart of Richmond Hill. Call 905-918-0419 for more information or to book a consultation.

In today’s fast paced world, everyone seems to be in a hurry, burning the candle at both ends to meet deadlines and juggle the responsibilities of everyday life.  Eventually stress can wear down even the hardiest of us, resulting in physical illness.  You may wonder how stress, which triggers an emotional response, can manifest as physical illness, but it is really quite simple.  Every emotion that we feel is associated with the release of chemicals inside the body.  Usually the body absorbs or eliminates such chemicals, but high levels of stress can cause excess amounts of these chemicals to accumulate in the tissues of the body, creating imbalances that can eventually result in the development of dangerous illnesses.  Stress can trigger powerful emotions such as frustration, anger and even depression.  The chemical reactions associated with these emotions often lead to headaches and digestive problems, but can manifest as even more tangible complaints such as heart disease, high blood pressure and even stroke.

Massage therapy is one of the leading methods of relieving stress today, although it has been practiced in many cultures for thousands of years.  Its roots can be found in Greek, Roman, Chinese, Indian and Egyptian cultures several thousand years B.C.  Modern massage therapy often combines techniques borrowed from various different cultures to provide the most beneficial treatment possible.  Richmond Hill massage therapy uses all of the best techniques to provide the most effective treatment possible to relieve your stress and leave you feeling rejuvenated and refreshed.

Richmond Hill massage therapy benefits the body in a variety of ways.  It improves circulation, reducing the heart rate and lowering blood pressure.  It also stimulates the flow of lymphatic fluid and endorphins to detoxify the body and relieve pain.  So if you are feeling overwhelmed by stress, why not indulge yourself with massage therapy from Richmond Hill?

There is not a doubt that we have become a society riddled with arthritis and joint pain. Conventional medicine offers prescription drugs that come with a massive list of possible side effects; and still these do not solve the underlining problem. Natural wisdom teaches us that there is always hope beyond pharmaceutical drugs. There is a plethora of studies out there that clearly proves to us that lifestyle changes and dietary habits have a profound effect on our health and this includes arthritis and joint pain. The simplest of remedies like a daily intake of apple cider vinegar can effectively work for many people to naturally ease pain in the joints (and to simply support good health).

The Science Behind The Remedy

With a history rooted in folk medicine, apple cider vinegar is tossed aside by many members of the medical field. Naturopathic doctors and other natural health professionals praise traditional remedies. Apple cider vinegar offers our body a multitude of health benefits, not just relief from arthritis or joint pain.

Apple cider vinegar is rich in minerals that our body needs including magnesium, phosphorus, calcium and potassium. Mineral (as well as vitamin) deficiencies are the root causes of many health problems, and if not detected, deficiencies can worsen health problems including arthritis and joint pain. A diet rich in essential minerals is a critical step to relieving arthritic pain. The potassium in apple cider vinegar may be especially beneficial because it works to prevent calcium build-up in the joints, which is linked to joint stiffness.

Not All Apple Cider Vinegar Is Beneficial

Going to a grocery store may not be the place to find the apple cider vinegar that is beneficial. Most vinegar sold in grocery stores is processed and these are not beneficial to us.  Raw, unprocessed, organic apple cider vinegar is the beneficial vinegar. This type of apple cider vinegar is rich in beneficial enzymes and acids that have a multitude of health benefits. It is encouraging however, to see some grocery stores carrying organic, raw apple cider vinegar. Health food stores carry this also and it is inexpensive.

All of the benefits of apple cider vinegar can only be attained with vinegar that is organic, raw, unfiltered and unprocessed. This type of apple cider vinegar will have a noticeable amount of residue floating around in the bottle. This is called the "mother," the natural accumulation of beneficial enzymes and nutrients. In any other form, including pills, apple cider vinegar is inferior and much less effective.

Joint Health

Nutrients are essential for joint health, so it is imperative that the body absorb the nutrients it gets and use them. Apple cider vinegar makes this possible even for those with arthritis.

There are many experts who suggest that joint pain and arthritis may be linked to toxins that have accumulated in the joints because metabolic waste is often stored in connective tissues. Often, people with joint pain will shun activities that tend to trigger more pain, yet the lack of movement may cause toxins to build-up even more. Apple cider vinegar has pectin and this helps to absorb toxins and get them out of the system, meanwhile the acids in cider vinegar work to purify and detoxify the entire body.

How To Use Apple Cider To Relieve Joint Pain

The simplest way to incorporate apple cider vinegar into your daily routines is to mix 1-3 teaspoons in one cup of water three times daily, preferably just before meals. If you find this still too strong to drink, dilute it in more water.

Some people with joint pain state that having a bath with apple cider vinegar in the water helps. Other people report that when mixing two tablespoons of apple cider vinegar with one tablespoon of coconut oil (or olive oil) makes a soothing ointment to rub on affected joints.

How To Use Apple Cider To Relieve Arthritis

Apple cider vinegar has all the necessary acid content to give the needed balance in the digestive system, and this helps to avoid calcium build-up. Some naturopathic doctors say that apple cider vinegar is to be taken three times a daily with honey and water but only once a day for the first couple of days. (If you are diabetic then omit the honey.)

Apple Cider Vinegar Folk Remedy For Osteoarthritis

Excruciating pain can be caused when acid crystals build up in the joints. Sometimes, this leads to decreased mobility and deformity. It is the acid crystal build-up that causes osteoarthritis and eventually, a daily routine that includes apple cider vinegar will disperse these acids.

Apple Cider Vinegar Treatment For Rheumatoid Arthritis

Apple cider vinegar relieves the symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis, which is believed to be caused by a streptococcal infection. Not only is apple cider vinegar a great treatment option for arthritis, it is known to work for acid reflux, fatigue, gout, sore throats, heartburn, and numerous other ailments. Results have shown that it helps balance the acid in the body.

Everyone is different and therefore it is highly advised that you seek advice from a health professional as opposed to self-diagnosing and treating. Chiro Med can help. Chiro Med Rehab Centre is conveniently located at 10144 Yonge Street, just north of Major Mackenzie Drive in Richmond Hill. Visit them online or call 905-918-0419.

According to the Canadian Institute for Health Information (CIHI), throughout the 2010-2011 winter season there were 1,114 hockey-related hospitalizations. Perhaps not so surprising, is that half of these hockey injuries happened to boys between the ages of ten and nineteen. These are injuries that required hospitalization; there are no known reliable statistics for all hockey-related injuries but they are suspected to be at least doubled. Sadly, these statistics have not improved much at all over the past five years.

There are several factors that can be attributed to the high numbers of (recorded) injuries. Age, level of fitness, level of competition, and the condition of protective equipment all contribute to risk factors. When any of these are not as they should be then injuries such as sprains, strains and other muscle-related injuries tend to occur in the shoulder, knees and neck. Head injuries occur when helmets do not meet standards (including proper fit). Head and neck injuries also occur as well as dislocated shoulders, fractured collar bones, and sprained medial collateral ligaments.

Hockey is a fast and physical sport and the risk of injury is always present. There are ways to avoid common hockey injuries.

Tips To Avoiding Common Hockey Injuries

If purchasing second hand hockey equipment it is imperative to ensure it still meets safety standards and every piece of equipment fits properly. All equipment must meet CSA approval (Canadian Standards Association) in order to have a proper fit.

Head protection that fits is a must. The best way to test this is that when the helmet is on, one finger should be able to fit between the chin and the chinstrap. Should that helmet ever sustain damage or encounter a sever hit then replacing it is a must. Also, replacing helmets every three years is recommended by the industry.

Mouth protection is really important to not only protect the teeth but these also help in preventing concussions. Staying active is important to help avoid a hockey injury. Keeping flexible, maintaining strength and endurance will minimize the chance of injury when a fall occurs (or being rammed into the boards).

Lastly, warming up will help to prevent muscle strains and keeping the body limber which helps in reducing the risk of injury.

Dealing With Hockey Injuries

Depending on what the specific injury is, the type of care the patient will require will be chiropractic, physiotherapy, or a combination of the both. (The exception to this is if the injury is severe and hospitalization is required. Even then, often after a hospital visit, chiropractic or physiotherapy is required to regain a pre-injury state.)

Some of the more common hockey injuries include:

• Achilles Tendon Rupture
• Back Muscle Strain or Ligament Sprain
• Bulging Disc
• Calf Muscle Tears
• Facet Joint Syndrome
• Iliotibial Band Friction Syndrome
• Metatarsalgia
• Muscle Pain: Strains or Tears
• Plantar Fasciitis
• Rotator Cuff Injuries
• Tennis Elbow

Chiropractic care helps to heal the nervous system and the musculoskeletal system. Also, chiropractic care treats neuromusculoskeletal issues that include headaches, pain in the neck, back or in the joints. This is an effective type of health care that is hands-on and drug-free. It also includes examinations, diagnosis and comprehensive treatment.

Physiotherapy is a form of health care that helps people restore, maintain, and maximize their function, strength and movement. This is achieved by the therapist assessing the injury, diagnosing, and treating the injury. This type of health care involves a wide variety of stretching methods.

Once an individual has resumed playing hockey after recovering from an injury ongoing maintenance may be required in order to prevent a reoccurrence. Regular chiropractic care will aid in restoring and maintaining healthy nerves, joints, and muscles through an adjustment. Proper healing can take time and although a patient may feel that he or she is back to normal, ongoing care is strongly recommended to maintain and prevent further injury. In addition, and for the same reasons, ongoing physiotherapy may be needed to prevent an injury from reoccurring.

In addition, and for the same reasons, ongoing physiotherapy may be needed to prevent an injury from reoccurring.

If you have sustained a hockey injury then look no further. Chiro-Med Rehab Centre has a walk-in clinic conveniently located at 10144 Yonge Street, just north of Major MacKenzie Drive in the heart of Richmond Hill. Check us out online or call 905-918-0419 for more information or to book a consultation.

If you are one of the millions of people who suffer from stress, muscle stiffness and back pain, you may prefer to use a drug-free approach to treatment. No matter what ailments you may have, you can find a variety of alternative forms of therapy in Richmond Hill. Therapies most commonly used to relieve pain and stress, include chiropractic treatment, massage therapy and acupuncture.

Chiropractic treatment is commonly used for the treatment of back pain, but it can benefit many other parts of the body as well. This is because the spine is linked to all other parts of the body, so adjustment of the spine also helps to adjust other areas as well. Many people find relief from headaches, mood disorders and digestive difficulties by visiting a Richmond Hill chiropractor.

Massage therapy is an ancient art of relaxation that has been practiced in many cultures for thousands of years. Massage is said to balance the mind, body and soul, and enable the body to heal itself both inside and out. Richmond Hill massage therapy improves circulation, releases toxins from the tissues and triggers the release of endorphins that relieve pain and give you an overall sense of well being.

Practiced in the Orient for thousands of years, acupuncture is one of the oldest forms of medicine. In acupuncture treatments, tiny needles are inserted into the skin at key points to relieve pain and promote healing. At Richmond Hill, acupuncture can be used to relieve a multitude of health problems, including chronic pain, disease, obesity and addictions such as smoking.

Most people find therapies such as Richmond Hill massage therapy, chiropractic care and acupuncture much less invasive and unpleasant than conventional medical procedures. In many cases, alternative therapies such as these are a viable alternative to drugs, surgery and other forms of medical intervention.

Prenatal massage can bring much needed relief to a woman carrying a baby. Every woman can expect some stiffness and muscular tension throughout the pregnancy as the uterus grows and sometimes this tension can take its toll on the mom-to-be.

Massage therapy during a pregnancy is gaining popularity as moms-to-be are realizing that the benefits of prenatal massage include relief. Back pain is perhaps the most common side effect of pregnancy. The added weight puts a lot of strain on the spine and often what starts in pregnancy has continued after the birth. If a woman has other small children while pregnant, carrying them around while pregnant can exacerbate symptoms.

What Conditions Can Be Treated With Massage Therapy?

Many women have discovered that massage can help relieve back pain. In addition to soothing that muscle tension, other prenatal massage benefits include:

• Relief of edema.
• Reduction of swelling in the ankles, feet and hands.
• Reduces swelling by stimulating circulation throughout the body.
• Reduction of leg cramps and swelling in the legs.
• Lessens sciatic pain.
• Helps to relax and reduce anxiety throughout pregnancy.
• Massage helps to prevent insomnia and promotes a better sleep.
• Prenatal massage can help relax the unborn child when the abdomen is gently stroked.
• Lessens muscular discomfort in the lower back and neck.
• Increases blood and lymph flow which aids in the elimination of toxins throughout the lymphatic and circulatory systems.
• Increased blood flow also means oxygen is increased in the blood stream which in turn delivers more nutrients to the baby.
• Massage stimulates release of endorphins into the brain and nervous system. (Endorphins are natural pain killers in the body.)
• Helps to strength the immune system.

Safe Techniques For Pregnancy Massage

Prenatal massage experts modify massage techniques to address the changes a woman's body as she goes through pregnancy. A pregnant woman will have her blood volume increase dramatically, almost by 50 percent and yet blood flow to the legs tends to become sluggish. These changes can put a woman at risk of blood clots in her legs.

Massage therapists know that they need to avoid deep massage on the legs as well as any strong pressure. What they do use are light, slow, gentle strokes on the legs and all massage strokes are in the direction of the heart.

Before any therapeutic massage, it is recommended that a woman speak with her obstetrician first to be sure there will be no contraindications.

Many massage therapists won't give a prenatal massage during the first trimester as there is a risk of miscarriage. Some experts argue that prenatal massage does not directly cause a miscarriage, but there is no research out there that shows a link between a massage and a miscarriage. Regardless, if a woman is at risk of miscarriage then she is not advised to have a pregnancy massage.

Tips to Remember:

• Always be sure to tell the massage therapist you are pregnant and how far along.
• Avoid aromatherapy oils.
• Be sure that your massage therapist is specially trained in pregnancy massage and is certified.

Massaging the wrong areas or focusing on certain acupressure points have been known to trigger uterine contractions in some women making it vital that a prenatal massage be given by a qualified health professional. Massage therapists trained in prenatal massage know exactly what areas to focus on and provide the maximum benefits during the massage therapy.

Chiro-Med Rehab Centre in Richmond Hill has qualified massage therapists on staff to help you get through your pregnancy as healthy as possible. Our walk-in clinic is conveniently located at 10144 Yonge Street, just north of Major MacKenzie Drive in the heart of Richmond Hill. Visit Chiro-Med online or call 905-918-0419 for more information today.